Understanding SMTP error codes

SMTP is responsible for sending out your messages. So if you get SMTP error message, it means your e-mails were not send. It is very important you to understand why this has happened so that you can fix the problem. All SMTP codes consist of three digits, for example, 550, 221, 354, etc. Not all of them mean some type of error. In order to understand how these codes work, you have to know that each digit (the first, the second and the third) have there own meaning.

The first digit tells you if your command was accepted and processed. There are five different values for that:

1. Mail server has accepted the command, but does not yet take any action. A confirmation message is required.

2. Mail server has completed the task successfully without errors.

3. Mail server has understood the request, but requires further information to complete it.

4. Mail server has encountered a temporary failure. If the command is repeated without any change, it might be
   completed. Try again, it may help!

5. Mail server has encountered a fatal error. Your request can't be processed.

As you can see, the codes that start with 4 and 5 are the ones that tell you that your message won't be sent until you find and fix the problem.

The second digit tells you more:

1. Syntax error

2. Information reply (for example to HELP request)

3. This digit refers to the status of connection

4. This digit refers to the status of the mail server

Digits 3 and 4 are not used.

The third (last) digit of the code tells you the details of mail transferring status.

Here is the list of most important SMTP error codes:

421 Service not available, closing transmission channel (This may be a reply to any command if the service knows it must shut down)
450 Requested mail action not taken: mailbox unavailable (E.g., mailbox busy)
451 Requested action aborted: local error in processing
452 Requested action not taken: insufficient system storage
500 Syntax error, command unrecognized (This may include errors such as command line too long)
501 Syntax error in parameters or arguments
502 Command not implemented
503 Bad sequence of commands
504 Command parameter not implemented
550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable (E.g., mailbox not found, no access)
551 User not local; please try
552 Requested mail action aborted: exceeded storage allocation
553 Requested action not taken: mailbox name not allowed (E.g., mailbox syntax incorrect)
554 Transaction failed

The other codes that provide you with helpful information about what's happening with your messages are:

211 System status, or system help reply
214 Help message (Information on how to use the receiver or the meaning of a particular non-standard command; this reply is useful
only to the human user)
220 Service ready
221 Service closing transmission channel
250 Requested mail action okay, completed
251 User not local; will forward to
354 Start mail input; end with . (a dot)

Forget your windows XP Password

If you forgot your password on you windows XP here is a simple solution (Guide #1).

1. Restart you computer

2.When booting, press F8 and select "Safe Mode"

3.After getting to the user menu. Click on a user and this time it will not ask you for a password

4.Go to Start>Run and type CMD .

5.At command prompt type in cd C:WindowsSystem32, (Where C put your system's HD letter,I am assuming C is your System/Windows Drive)

6.For safety purposes first make a backup of your Logon.Scr file.. You can do this by typing in Copy Logon.scr Logon.bak

7.Then type copy CMD.EXE Logon.scr

8.Then type this command, I will assume that you want to set Administrator's password to NewPass

9.Now, type this in net user administrator NewPass

10. You will get a message saying that it was successful, this means Administrator's new password is NewPass

11. Restart the PC and you will login as Administrator (or whatever you chose to reset) with your chosen password

CCM (Cisco Call Manager)

Hi to everyone, i uped in RapidShare a complete collection of CCM (Cisco Call Manager), and I want to Share to all, download quickly because itґs possible the links die soon.

- Cisco CallManager V4.0:

· CD Disk 1
· CD Disk 2
· Security AGENT AND POLICY (One CD Disk)

- Cisco CallManager V4.1:

· CD Disk 1
· CD Disk 2

- Cisco IP Telephony Server Operatinh System:

· Hardware Detection (One CD Disk)
· Installation and Recovery (Two DVD Disk)
· OS UPGRADE (One CD Disk)

- Downloaded Versions:

· Cisco Call Manager 3.3 Ip Telephony Server (One CD Disk)
· Cisco Callmanager 4.1.3 - CD Disk 1
· Cisco Callmanager 4.1.3 - CD Disk 2


*Files Without Password.
*Size: 10 GB
*Download (96 RapidShare parts):

CODE

http://tinyurl.com/34f6dk
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In addtion of the before input i add the Cisco Unified Call Manager Ver 5.1 For Linux Install DVD:

*Files Without Password.
*Size: 1,2 GB
*Download (12 RapidShare parts):

CODE

http://tinyurl.com/2z5seq
http://tinyurl.com/yp33gd
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Enjoy to all!, Greetings!!

Monitor your HDD use

If you're maintaining a lot of server's with multiple hard-drives you'll need to know how to manage and watch your harddrives. You know it's getting full or needs cleaning before it's too late and your users can't complete their work because they're out of disk-space. Nothing is worse than franticly trying to reclaim disk-space because you ran out of it. This guide will hopefully aide you in a time-savinf manner.

First of all: check the usage of your hard-drive(s)!

Code:

$>df -h

Filesystem                Size      Used     Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/hda3                 4.4G      3.4G      764M  82% /

/dev/hda1                  14G      4.5G      9.3G  33% /mnt/win32

As you can see my hda3 is at 82%. With the help of scripts you can have this task done at given times, and get an e-mail notification if the percentage of used disk-space reaches a certain threshold.

First we will make a basic bash script that will report if any paritions are over 80%.

Code:

#!/bin/bash

df | egrep "(100%|[89][0-9]%)"

The egrep statement will match any usage between 80% and 100%.

Now let's do this as a timed event:
Type crontab -e to start an empty file where you can add all your cron jobs. (for more info type man 5 crontab)

Now to make a basic cron job that will run everyday at 10p.m..

Code:

0 22 * * * df | egrep "(100%|[89][0-9]%)"

The first number, 0, indicates the minute, the second, 22, is the hour that your job is supposed to run at. The next three *'s are day of month, the month, and day of week respectively.

Finally to have this cron job email you if any of your partition's are filled 80% or more you just add the mail command, like so:

Code:

0 22 * * * df | egrep "(100%|[89][0-9]%)" | mail -s "Warning..." you@emailaddr.com

The -s is for subject and you@emailaddr.com will be replaced by your email address.

Let me know what you think about this guide. If you like it, or if it wasn't useful. Any feedback is greatly encouraged. Thanks

Recover MySQL password

This tutorial is written in two ways. One way is for the compiled MySQL and one for the installed MySQL by RPM [tested only in Fedora]. It's not big deal, but I hope it is accessible also to newbies because the directory's change in both examples.

--------------------
If you compiled MySQL by yourself, go this way:

Maybe you have to change the directory where you installed MySQL (here it's /usr/local/mysql/ ).

1. Gain root access to your Linux system

Code:

[boby@space boby]$ su -

Password:

[root@space root]#

2. First you have to stop the daemon

Code:

[root@space root]# /etc/init.d/mysql.server stop

[root@space root]#

3. You will now start MySQL in safe mode without reading the grant tables with all MySQL database passwords and also you will disable networking. The "safe_mysqld" command will do this trick for you.

Code:

[root@space root]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/safe_mysqld --user=mysql
--skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &

[root@space root]#

4. The "mysqladmin" command can now reset the root password. In this case we are setting it to "newpassword".

Code:

[root@space root]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root flush-privileges
password "newpassword"

[root@space root]#

5. And finally restart the daemon

Code:

[root@space root]# /etc/init.d/mysql.server restart

[root@space root]#

6. You can use now your new root password

Code:

[root@space root]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 4.0.20-standard

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql>

--------------------
If you installed MySQL by RPM or use the package that comes with the distribution, go this way:

1. Gain root access to your Linux system

Code:

[boby@space boby]$ su -

Password:

[root@space root]#

2. First you have to stop the daemon

Code:

[root@space root]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop

[root@space root]#

3. You will now start MySQL in safe mode without reading the grant tables with all MySQL database passwords and also you will disable networking. The "safe_mysqld" command will do this trick for you.

Code:

[root@space root]# /usr/bin/safe_mysqld --user=mysql
--socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql।sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld।pid
--datadir=/var/lib/MySQL --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &

[root@space root]#

4. The "mysqladmin" command will now reset[rewrite] the root password. In this case we are setting it to "newpassword".

Code:

[root@space root]# mysqladmin -u root flush-privileges password "newpassword"

[root@space root]#

5. Stop the running daemon

Code:

kill `cat /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid`

6. And finally restart it

Code:

[root@space root]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

[root@space root]#

7. You can use now your new root password

Code:

[root@space root]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 4.0.20-standard

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql>

--------------------

Hope this helped you!
Please post any mistakes or if I forgot something.

GRUB recovery after installing Windows XP

If any one use dual boot system then after installing windows again we lost GRUB loader. It can recover in various method. Here i discuss GRUB recovery using Live cd. For this we have to boot our system by Live cd.

Follow the step to recover grub bootloader:

$ mkdir /mnt/ubuntu
$ mount /dev/sdaX [where X is the number of your linux partition] /mnt/ubuntu
$ mount -t proc none /mnt/ubuntu/proc
$ mount --bind /dev /mnt/ubuntu/dev
$ chroot /mnt/ubuntu
$ grub-install /dev/sda


It works for me…!

EDGE/GPRS in Linux

Using wvdial

to check your mobile/modem as a modem
-------------------------------
#wvdialconf

it will generate /etc/wvdial.conf file for you.

Grameen Phone
For Grameen Phone your need to add

Init3 = AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","gpinternet"

here is a sample of my /etc/wvdial.conf (Grameen Phone EDGE/GPRS)
------------------------------------------------------------
[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Init3 = AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","gpinternet"
Modem Type = Analog Modem
ISDN = 0
Phone = *99***1#
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Username = xyz
Password = xyz
Baud = 115200
-----------------------------------------------------------
wvdialconf will generate the modem speed/Baud and /dev/xyz path according to your mobile phone


Aktel, Teletalk
here is a sample of my /etc/wvdial.conf
------------------------------------------------------------
[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = Analog Modem
ISDN = 0
Phone = *99***1#
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Username = xyz
Password = xyz
Baud = 115200
-----------------------------------------------------------
wvdialconf will generate the modem speed/Baud and /dev/xyz path according to your mobile phone

Start
To start type wvdial in shell

Note:
If you have problem while generating wvdial.conf file in /etc/wvdial.conf then delete the old config file /etc/wvdial.conf and give wvdialconf to create a new configuraton file.

if you have any problem to find the /dev path for your mobile/modem, give

# tail -f /var/log/syslog

Then connect the phone/modem.
You can also use gnome-ppp or other ppp tools to connect.




Using gnome-ppp



Give phone number *99***1#




click on the detect. it will try to detect your phone/modem.
note: If it fails then give your /dev path manually. Search for you modem using #tail -f /var/log/syslog then connect the phone/modem.




it found my phone/modem in /dev/ttyUSB0




click Init Strings.
for Aktel, Teletalk and others (you do not need to change anything)




click Init Strings.
add Init3 only if you are using Grameen Phone EDGE/GPRS (only for GP)





after click connect








connected




details view


Note: If you face any problem using this as user. Run gnome-ppp as root
or check you are a member of dip group.

In Debian or Ubuntu based distro give #adduser your_user_name dip if your are not a member.